Does anyone else get the funny feeling that we’re going to discover very soon that the $700 billion has been spent and no one is quite sure what it got spent on? — Carrie Dann, MSNBC’s First Read
If you remember back to September when Treasury Secretary Henry Paulson was explaining to us why he needed $700 billion in taxpayer funds, he explained that:
The federal government must implement a program to remove these illiquid assets that are weighing down our financial institutions and threatening our economy.
When the bill, the Emergency Economic Stabilization Act (PL 110-343) was passed in early October, it created the Troubled Asset Relief program, or TARP. TARP had two main pieces, a troubled asset purchase program and a troubled asset insurance program. Treasury was also given the power to inject capital directly into financial institutions and to directly help homeowners to help forestall foreclosures. The asset purchase program was expected to be the biggest piece, as Treasury would buy up high risk mortgage-related assets, often at high discounts, in order to stabilize the portfolios of financial institutions and create incentives to revise mortgages so that they don’t face default. Also, the hope was that once these assets stabilized, that Treasury could then sell them back on the market, thus making a profit for the government and thus the taxpayer.
Yesterday Paulson stated, in essence, “Never mind.”
Over these past weeks we have continued to examine the relative benefits of purchasing illiquid mortgage-related assets. Our assessment at this time is that this is not the most effective way to use TARP funds…
Instead Treasury is injecting capital directly into various financial entities, such as American Express, now that it has been characterized as a bank, as well as into the credit card, auto loan and student loan industries. Of course there was that purchase of another stake in AIG. One of the many concerns is that if this is direct capital injection, what assets do the taxpayers get in order to recoup losses. What we have been getting is “preferred stock.” This stuff is only a good purchase if everything works out well and the stock rises. It may be better than nothing, but it still isn’t the plan that was sold to Congress.
The key issue is still the home foreclosure problem, and it is unclear how billions of taxpayer dollars injected into these various financial entities will actually address that. Representative Barney Frank, Chairman of the House Financial Services Committee, focused on thisafter Paulson’s announcement:
House Financial Services Chairman Barney Frank (D., Mass.) said Wednesday he was disappointed Mr. Paulson was scrapping the asset-purchase plan. “I think he’s wrong not to use it that way,” Mr. Frank said…
“Using some of the TARP money to reduce foreclosures was not only contemplated in it, it was one of our major focal points,” Mr. Frank said. It’s unclear just what, if anything, the Bush administration will be able to do to help stem the tide of foreclosures.
There has been some progress on the foreclosure issue, but not as much as there could be. Citigroup has taken the leadin the private sector. The second largest U.S. bank has announced that they will stop foreclosures when borrowers have enough income to afford a reworked mortgage. Citigroup plans on contacting 500,000 borrowers over the next six months to rework their mortgages at lower interst rates that they may be able to afford. This is the attitude that other major financial institutions need to follow. Another example is IndyMac, which Paulson referred to in his own remarks.
FDIC Chairman Bair has given us a model, in the mortgage modification protocol she developed with IndyMac Bank. Through the end of October, the FDIC has completed loan modifications for 3,500 borrowers, with several thousand more modifications currently being processed. These modifications have reduced payments for participating homeowners by an average of $380 month, or about 23 percent.
That seems to be the most effective strategy overall. Reducing payments so that they become affordable means these assets stay as assets and not liabilities. The modified mortgages also help when it comes to getting the credit market flowing again as these loans become less likely to default, improving the health of bank’s overall portfolio.